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Интерактивная система просмотра системных руководств (man-ов)

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    NAME
         import - capture some or all of an X server screen and save
         the image to a file.
    
    SYNOPSIS
         import [ options ... ] [ file ]
    
    DESCRIPTION
         import reads an image from any visible window on an X server
         and outputs it as an image file.  You can capture a single
         window, the entire screen, or any rectangular portion of the
         screen.  Use display (see display(1)) for redisplay,
         printing, editing, formatting, archiving, image processing,
         etc. of the captured image.
    
         The target window can be specified by id, name, or may be
         selected by clicking the mouse in the desired window.  If
         you press a button and then drag, a rectangle will form
         which expands and contracts as the mouse moves.  To save the
         portion of the screen  defined by the rectangle, just
         release the button.  The keyboard bell is rung once at the
         beginning of the screen capture and twice when it completes.
    
    
    EXAMPLES
         To select an X window with the mouse and save it in the MIFF
         image format to a file titled window.miff, use:
    
              import window.miff
    
         To select an X window and save it in the Encapsulated
         Postscript format to include in another document, use:
    
              import figure.eps
    
         To capture the entire X server screen in the JPEG image
         format in a file titled root.jpeg, use:
    
              import -window root root.jpeg
    
    OPTIONS
         import options can appear on the command line or in your X
         resources file (see X(1)).  Options on the command line
         supersede values specified in your X resources file.
    
         -adjoin
              join images into a single multi-image file.
    
              By default, all images of an image sequence are stored
              in the same file.  However, some formats (e.g. JPEG) do
              not support more than one image and are saved to
              separate files.  Use +adjoin to force this behavior.
    
         -border
              include image borders in the output image.
    
         -cache threshold
              megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache.
    
              Image pixels are stored in memory until 80 megabytes of
              memory have been consumed.  Subsequent pixel operations
              are cached on disk.  Operations to memory are
              significantly faster but if your computer does not have
              a sufficient amount of free memory you may want to
              adjust this threshold value.  -colors value preferred
              number of colors in the image.
    
              The actual number of colors in the image may be less
              than your request, but never more.  Note, this is a
              color reduction option.  Images with less unique colors
              than specified with this option will have any duplicate
              or unused colors removed.  Refer to quantize(9) for
              more details.
    
              Note, options -dither, -colorspace, and -treedepth
              affect the color reduction algorithm.
    
         -colorspace value
              the type of colorspace: GRAY, OHTA, RGB, Transparent,
              XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, or CMYK.
    
              Color reduction, by default, takes place in the RGB
              color space.  Empirical evidence suggests that
              distances in color spaces such as YUV or YIQ correspond
              to perceptual color differences more closely than do
              distances in RGB space.  These color spaces may give
              better results when color reducing an image.  Refer to
              quantize(9) for more details.
    
              The Transparent color space behaves uniquely in that it
              preserves the matte channel of the image if it exists.
    
              The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
              option to take effect.
    
         -comment string
              annotate an image with a comment.
    
              By default, each image is commented with its file name.
              Use this option to assign a specific comment to the
              image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
              type, width, height, or other image attributes by
              embedding special format characters:
    
                  %b   file size
                  %c   comment
                  %d   directory
                  %e   filename extention
                  %f   filename
                  %h   height
                  %i   input filename
                  %l   label
                  %m   magick
                  %n   number of scenes
                  %o   output filename
                  %p   page number
                  %q   quantum depth
                  %s   scene number
                  %t   top of filename
                  %u   unique temporary filename
                  %w   width
                  %x   x resolution
                  %y   y resolution
                  \n   newline
                  \r   carriage return
    
              For example,
    
                   -comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
    
              produces an image comment of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
              an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
              height is 480.
    
              If the first character of string is @, the image
              comment is read from a file titled by the remaining
              characters in the string.
    
         -compress type
              the type of image compression: None, BZip, Fax, Group4,
              JPEG, LZW, RunlengthEncoded, or Zip.
    
              Specify +compress to store the binary image in an
              uncompressed format.  The default is the compression
              type of the specified image file.
    
         -crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y offset>{%}
              preferred size and location of the cropped image.  See
              X(1) for details about the geometry specification.
    
              To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
              %.  For example to crop the image by ten percent on all
              sides of the image, use -crop 10%.
    
              Omit the x and y offset to generate one or more
              subimages of a uniform size.
    
              Use cropping to crop a particular area of an image.
              Use -crop 0x0 to trim edges that are the background
              color.  Add an x and y offset to leave a portion of the
              trimmed edges with the image.
    
         -delay <1/100ths of a second>x<seconds>
              display the next image after pausing.
    
              This option is useful for regulating the display of the
              sequence of images.  1/100ths of a second must expire
              before the display of the next image.  The default is
              6/100 of a second between each frame of the image
              sequence.  The second value is optional.  It specifies
              the number of seconds to pause before repeating your
              animation sequence.
    
         -density <width>x<height>
              vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the
              image.
    
              This option specifies an image density when decoding a
              Postscript or Portable Document page.  The default is
              72 pixels per inch in the horizontal and vertical
              direction.  This option is used in concert with -page.
    
         -descend
              obtain image by descending window hierarchy.
    
         -display host:display[.screen]
              specifies the X server to contact; see X(1).
    
         -dispose method
              GIF disposal method.
    
              Here are the valid methods:
    
                   0     No disposal specified.
                   1     Do not dispose between frames.
                   2     Overwrite frame with background color from header.
                   3     Overwrite with previous frame.
    
         -dither
              apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image.
    
              The basic strategy of dithering is to trade intensity
              resolution for spatial resolution by averaging the
              intensities of several neighboring pixels.  Images
              which suffer from severe contouring when reducing
              colors can be improved with this option.
    
              The -colors or -monochrome option is required for this
              option to take effect.
              Use +dither to render Postscript without text or
              graphic aliasing.
    
         -frame
              include window manager frame.
    
    offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
         -geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
              the width and height of the image.
    
              By default, the width and height are maximum values.
              That is, the image is expanded or contracted to fit the
              width and height value while maintaining the aspect
              ratio of the image.  Append an exclamation point to the
              geometry to force the image size to exactly the size
              you specify.  For example, if you specify 640x480! the
              image width is set to 640 pixels and height to 480.  If
              only one factor is specified, both the width and height
              assume the value.
    
              To specify a percentage width or height instead, append
              %.  The image size is multiplied by the width and
              height percentages to obtain the final image
              dimensions.  To increase the size of an image, use a
              value greater than 100 (e.g. 125%).  To decrease an
              image's size, use a percentage less than 100.
    
              Use > to change the dimensions of the image only if its
              size exceeds the geometry specification.  < resizes the
              image only if its dimensions is less than the geometry
              specification.  For example, if you specify 640x480>
              and the image size is 512x512, the image size does not
              change.  However, if the image is 1024x1024, it is
              resized to 640x480.
    
         -interlace type
              the type of interlacing scheme: None, Line, Plane, or
              Partition.  The default is None.
    
              This option is used to specify the type of interlacing
              scheme for raw image formats such as RGB or YUV.  No
              means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...), Line
              uses scanline interlacing
              (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and Plane uses
              plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).
              Partition is like plane except the different planes are
              saved to individual files (e.g.  image.R, image.G, and
              image.B).
    
              Use Line, or Plane to create an interlaced GIF or
              progressive JPEG image.  -label name assign a label to
              an image.
              Use this option to assign a specific label to the
              image.  Optionally you can include the image filename,
              type, width, height, or other image attributes by
              embedding special format characters.  See -comment for
              details.
    
              For example,
    
                   -label "%m:%f %wx%h"
    
              produces an image label of MIFF:bird.miff 512x480 for
              an image titled bird.miff and whose width is 512 and
              height is 480.
    
              If the first character of string is @, the image label
              is read from a file titled by the remaining characters
              in the string.
    
              When converting to Postscript, use this option to
              specify a header string to print above the image.
              Specify the label font with -font.
    
         -monochrome
              transform image to black and white.
    
         -negate
              replace every pixel with its complementary color (white
              becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.).
    
              The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are
              negated.   Use +negate to only negate the grayscale
              pixels of the image.
    
         -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x offset>{+-
              }<y offset>{%}{!}{<}{>}
              preferred size and location of an image canvas.
    
              Use this option to specify the dimensions of the
              Postscript page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in
              pixels.  The choices for a Postscript page are:
    
                     11x17         792  1224
                     Ledger       1224   792
                     Legal         612  1008
                     Letter        612   792
                     LetterSmall   612   792
                     ArchE        2592  3456
                     ArchD        1728  2592
                     ArchC        1296  1728
                     ArchB         864  1296
                     ArchA         648   864
                     A0           2380  3368
                     A1           1684  2380
                     A2           1190  1684
                     A3            842  1190
                     A4            595   842
                     A4Small       595   842
                     A5            421   595
                     A6            297   421
                     A7            210   297
                     A8            148   210
                     A9            105   148
                     A10            74   105
                     B0           2836  4008
                     B1           2004  2836
                     B2           1418  2004
                     B3           1002  1418
                     B4            709  1002
                     B5            501   709
                     C0           2600  3677
                     C1           1837  2600
                     C2           1298  1837
                     C3            918  1298
                     C4            649   918
                     C5            459   649
                     C6            323   459
                     Flsa          612   936
                     Flse          612   936
                     HalfLetter    396   612
    
              For convenience you can specify the page size by media
              (e.g.  A4, Ledger, etc.).  Otherwise, -page behaves
              much like -geometry (e.g. -page letter+43+43>).
    
              To position a GIF image, use -page {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
              offset> (e.g. -page +100+200).
    
              For a Postscript page, the image is sized as in
              -geometry and positioned relative to the lower left
              hand corner of the page by {+-}<x offset>{+-}<y
              offset>.  Use -page 612x792>, for example, to center
              the image within the page.  If the image size exceeds
              the Postscript page, it is reduced to fit the page.
    
              The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is
              612x792.
    
              This option is used in concert with -density.
    
         -pointsize value
              pointsize of the Postscript font.
    
         -quality value
              JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.
              For the JPEG image format, quality is 0 (worst) to 100
              (best).  The default quality is 75.
    
              Quality for the MIFF and PNG image format sets the
              amount of image compression (quality / 10) and filter-
              type (quality % 10).  Compression quality values range
              from 0 (worst) to 100 (best).  If filter-type is 4 or
              less, the specified filter-type is used for all
              scanlines:
    
                  0: none
                  1: sub
                  2: up
                  3: average
                  4: Paeth
    
              If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when
              quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have
              a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.
    
              If filter-type is 6 or more, adaptive filtering with
              minimum-sum-of-absolute-values is used.
    
              The default is quality is 75.  Which means nearly the
              best compression with adaptive filtering.
    
              For further information, see the PNG specification (RFC
              2083), <http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR>.
    
         -rotate degrees{<}{>}
              apply Paeth image rotation to the image.
    
              Use > to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
              height.  < rotates the image only if its width is less
              than the height.  For example, if you specify -90> and
              the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated by
              the specified angle.  However, if the image is 640x480,
              it is rotated by -90 degrees.
    
              Empty triangles left over from rotating the image are
              filled with the color defined as bordercolor (class
              borderColor).
    
         -scene value
              number of screen snapshots.
    
              Use this option to grab more than one image from the X
              server screen to create an animation sequence.
    
         -screen
              This option indicates that the GetImage request used to
              obtain the image should be done on the root window,
              rather than directly on the specified window.  In this
              way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that
              overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you
              can capture menus or other popups that are independent
              windows but appear over the specified window.
    
         -silent
              operate silently, i.e. don't ring any bells.
    
         -transparency color
              make this color transparent within the image.
    
         -treedepth value
              Normally, this integer value is zero or one.  A zero or
              one tells convert to choose a optimal tree depth for
              the color reduction algorithm.
    
              An optimal depth generally allows the best
              representation of the source image with the fastest
              computational speed and the least amount of memory.
              However, the default depth is inappropriate for some
              images.  To assure the best representation, try values
              between 2 and 8 for this parameter.  Refer to
              quantize(9) for more details.
    
              The -colors option is required for this option to take
              effect.
    
         -verbose
              print detailed information about the image.
    
              This information is printed: image scene number;  image
              name;  image size; the image class (DirectClass or
              PseudoClass);  the total number of unique colors;  and
              the number of seconds to read and write the image.
    
         -window id
              select window with this id or name.
    
              With this option you can specify the target window by
              id or name rather than using the mouse.  Specify 'root'
              to select X's root window as the target window.
    
         Options are processed in command line order.  Any option you
         specify on the command line remains in effect until it is
         explicitly changed by specifying the option again with a
         different effect.
    
         file specifies the image filename.  If file is omitted, it
         defaults to magick.miff.  The default image format is MIFF.
         To specify a particular image format, precede the filename
         with an image format name and a colon (i.e.  gif:image) or
         specify the image type as the filename suffix (i.e.
         image.jpg).  See convert(1) for a list of valid image
         formats.
    
         Specify file as - for standard output.  If file has the
         extension .Z or .gz, the file size is compressed using with
         compress or gzip respectively.  Precede the image file name
         | to pipe to a system command. If file already exists, you
         will be prompted as to whether it should be overwritten.
    
    ENVIRONMENT
         display
              To get the default host, display number, and screen.
    
    SEE ALSO
         display(1), animate(1), montage(1), mogrify(1), convert(1),
         combine(1), xtp(1)
    
    COPYRIGHT
         Copyright (C) 2001 ImageMagick Studio, a non-profit
         organization dedicated to making software imaging solutions
         freely available.
    
         Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
         obtaining a copy of this software and associated
         documentation files ("ImageMagick"), to deal in ImageMagick
         without restriction, including without limitation the rights
         to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
         sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit
         persons to whom the ImageMagick is furnished to do so,
         subject to the following conditions:
    
         The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall
         be included in all copies or substantial portions of
         ImageMagick.
    
         The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any
         kind, express or implied, including but not limited to the
         warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular
         purpose and noninfringement.  In no event shall ImageMagick
         Studio be liable for any claim, damages or other liability,
         whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise, arising
         from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or the use or
         other dealings in ImageMagick.
    
         Except as contained in this notice, the name of the
         ImageMagick Studio shall not be used in advertising or
         otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings in
         ImageMagick without prior written authorization from the
         ImageMagick Studio.
    
    
    AUTHORS
         John Cristy, E.I. du Pont De Nemours and Company
         Incorporated
    
    
    
    


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