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libradius (3)
  • >> libradius (3) ( FreeBSD man: Библиотечные вызовы )

  • BSD mandoc
     

    NAME

    
    
    libradius
    
     - RADIUS client library
    
     
    

    SYNOPSIS

       #include <radlib.h>
    struct rad_handle * rad_acct_open (void);
    int rad_add_server (struct rad_handle *h const char *host int port const char *secret int timeout int max_tries);
    struct rad_handle * rad_auth_open (void);
    void rad_close (struct rad_handle *h);
    int rad_config (struct rad_handle *h const char *file);
    int rad_continue_send_request (struct rad_handle *h int selected int *fd struct timeval *tv);
    int rad_create_request (struct rad_handle *h int code);
    struct in_addr rad_cvt_addr (const void *data);
    u_int32_t rad_cvt_int (const void *data);
    char * rad_cvt_string (const void *data size_t len);
    int rad_get_attr (struct rad_handle *h const void **data size_t *len);
    int rad_get_vendor_attr (u_int32_t *vendor const void **data size_t *len);
    int rad_init_send_request (struct rad_handle *h int *fd struct timeval *tv);
    int rad_put_addr (struct rad_handle *h int type struct in_addr addr);
    int rad_put_attr (struct rad_handle *h int type const void *data size_t len);
    int rad_put_int (struct rad_handle *h int type u_int32_t value);
    int rad_put_string (struct rad_handle *h int type const char *str);
    int rad_put_message_authentic (struct rad_handle *h);
    int rad_put_vendor_addr (struct rad_handle *h int vendor int type struct in_addr addr);
    int rad_put_vendor_attr (struct rad_handle *h int vendor int type const void *data size_t len);
    int rad_put_vendor_int (struct rad_handle *h int vendor int type u_int32_t value);
    int rad_put_vendor_string (struct rad_handle *h int vendor int type const char *str);
    ssize_t rad_request_authenticator (struct rad_handle *h char *buf size_t len);
    int rad_send_request (struct rad_handle *h);
    const char * rad_server_secret (struct rad_handle *h);
    u_char * rad_demangle (struct rad_handle *h const void *mangled size_t mlen);
    u_char * rad_demangle_mppe_key (struct rad_handle *h const void *mangled size_t mlen size_t *len);
    const char * rad_strerror (struct rad_handle *h);
     

    DESCRIPTION

    The library implements the client side of the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS). RADIUS, defined in RFCs 2865 and 2866, allows clients to perform authentication and accounting by means of network requests to remote servers.  

    Initialization

    To use the library, an application must first call rad_auth_open ();
    or rad_acct_open ();
    to obtain a Vt struct rad_handle * , which provides the context for subsequent operations. The former function is used for RADIUS authentication and the latter is used for RADIUS accounting. Calls to rad_auth_open ();
    and rad_acct_open ();
    always succeed unless insufficient virtual memory is available. If the necessary memory cannot be allocated, the functions return NULL For compatibility with earlier versions of this library, rad_open ();
    is provided as a synonym for rad_auth_open (.);

    Before issuing any RADIUS requests, the library must be made aware of the servers it can contact. The easiest way to configure the library is to call rad_config (.);
    rad_config ();
    causes the library to read a configuration file whose format is described in radius.conf5. The pathname of the configuration file is passed as the Fa file argument to rad_config (.);
    This argument may also be given as NULL in which case the standard configuration file /etc/radius.conf is used. rad_config ();
    returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.

    The library can also be configured programmatically by calls to rad_add_server (.);
    The Fa host parameter specifies the server host, either as a fully qualified domain name or as a dotted-quad IP address in text form. The Fa port parameter specifies the UDP port to contact on the server. If Fa port is given as 0, the library looks up the `radius/udp' or `radacct/udp' service in the network services(5) database, and uses the port found there. If no entry is found, the library uses the standard RADIUS ports, 1812 for authentication and 1813 for accounting. The shared secret for the server host is passed to the Fa secret parameter. It may be any NUL -terminated string of bytes. The RADIUS protocol ignores all but the leading 128 bytes of the shared secret. The timeout for receiving replies from the server is passed to the Fa timeout parameter, in units of seconds. The maximum number of repeated requests to make before giving up is passed into the Fa max_tries parameter. rad_add_server ();
    returns 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.

    rad_add_server ();
    may be called multiple times, and it may be used together with rad_config (.);
    At most 10 servers may be specified. When multiple servers are given, they are tried in round-robin fashion until a valid response is received, or until each server's Fa max_tries limit has been reached.  

    Creating a RADIUS Request

    A RADIUS request consists of a code specifying the kind of request, and zero or more attributes which provide additional information. To begin constructing a new request, call rad_create_request (.);
    In addition to the usual Vt struct rad_handle * , this function takes a Fa code parameter which specifies the type of the request. Most often this will be RAD_ACCESS_REQUEST rad_create_request ();
    returns 0 on success, or -1 on if an error occurs.

    After the request has been created with rad_create_request (,);
    attributes can be attached to it. This is done through calls to rad_put_addr (,);
    rad_put_int (,);
    and rad_put_string (.);
    Each accepts a Fa type parameter identifying the attribute, and a value which may be an Internet address, an integer, or a NUL -terminated string, respectively. Alternatively, rad_put_vendor_addr (,);
    rad_put_vendor_int ();
    or rad_put_vendor_string ();
    may be used to specify vendor specific attributes. Vendor specific definitions may be found in    #include <radlib_vs.h>

    The library also provides a function rad_put_attr ();
    which can be used to supply a raw, uninterpreted attribute. The Fa data argument points to an array of bytes, and the Fa len argument specifies its length.

    It is possible adding the Message-Authenticator to the request. This is an HMAC-MD5 hash of the entire Access-Request packet (see RFC 3579). This attribute must be present in any packet that includes an EAP-Message attribute. It can be added by using the rad_put_message_authentic ();
    function. The library calculates the HMAC-MD5 hash implicitly before sending the request. If the Message-Authenticator was found inside the response packet, then the packet is silently dropped, if the validation failed. In order to get this feature, the library should be compiled with OpenSSL support.

    The rad_put_X ();
    functions return 0 on success, or -1 if an error occurs.  

    Sending the Request and Receiving the Response

    After the RADIUS request has been constructed, it is sent either by means of rad_send_request ();
    or by a combination of calls to rad_init_send_request ();
    and rad_continue_send_request (.);

    The rad_send_request ();
    function sends the request and waits for a valid reply, retrying the defined servers in round-robin fashion as necessary. If a valid response is received, rad_send_request ();
    returns the RADIUS code which specifies the type of the response. This will typically be RAD_ACCESS_ACCEPT RAD_ACCESS_REJECT or RAD_ACCESS_CHALLENGE If no valid response is received, rad_send_request ();
    returns -1.

    As an alternative, if you do not wish to block waiting for a response, rad_init_send_request ();
    and rad_continue_send_request ();
    may be used instead. If a reply is received from the RADIUS server or a timeout occurs, these functions return a value as described for rad_send_request (.);
    Otherwise, a value of zero is returned and the values pointed to by Fa fd and Fa tv are set to the descriptor and timeout that should be passed to select(2).

    rad_init_send_request ();
    must be called first, followed by repeated calls to rad_continue_send_request ();
    as long as a return value of zero is given. Between each call, the application should call select(2), passing Fa *fd as a read descriptor and timing out after the interval specified by Fa tv . When select(2) returns, rad_continue_send_request ();
    should be called with Fa selected set to a non-zero value if select(2) indicated that the descriptor is readable.

    Like RADIUS requests, each response may contain zero or more attributes. After a response has been received successfully by rad_send_request ();
    or rad_continue_send_request (,);
    its attributes can be extracted one by one using rad_get_attr (.);
    Each time rad_get_attr ();
    is called, it gets the next attribute from the current response, and stores a pointer to the data and the length of the data via the reference parameters Fa data and Fa len , respectively. Note that the data resides in the response itself, and must not be modified. A successful call to rad_get_attr ();
    returns the RADIUS attribute type. If no more attributes remain in the current response, rad_get_attr ();
    returns 0. If an error such as a malformed attribute is detected, -1 is returned.

    If rad_get_attr ();
    returns RAD_VENDOR_SPECIFIC rad_get_vendor_attr ();
    may be called to determine the vendor. The vendor specific RADIUS attribute type is returned. The reference parameters Fa data and Fa len (as returned from rad_get_attr ());
    are passed to rad_get_vendor_attr (,);
    and are adjusted to point to the vendor specific attribute data.

    The common types of attributes can be decoded using rad_cvt_addr (,);
    rad_cvt_int (,);
    and rad_cvt_string (.);
    These functions accept a pointer to the attribute data, which should have been obtained using rad_get_attr ();
    and optionally rad_get_vendor_attr (.);
    In the case of rad_cvt_string (,);
    the length Fa len must also be given. These functions interpret the attribute as an Internet address, an integer, or a string, respectively, and return its value. rad_cvt_string ();
    returns its value as a NUL -terminated string in dynamically allocated memory. The application should free the string using free(3) when it is no longer needed.

    If insufficient virtual memory is available, rad_cvt_string ();
    returns NULL rad_cvt_addr ();
    and rad_cvt_int ();
    cannot fail.

    The rad_request_authenticator ();
    function may be used to obtain the Request-Authenticator attribute value associated with the current RADIUS server according to the supplied rad_handle. The target buffer Fa buf of length Fa len must be supplied and should be at least 16 bytes. The return value is the number of bytes written to Fa buf or -1 to indicate that Fa len was not large enough.

    The rad_server_secret ();
    returns the secret shared with the current RADIUS server according to the supplied rad_handle.

    The rad_demangle ();
    function demangles attributes containing passwords and MS-CHAPv1 MPPE-Keys. The return value is NULL on failure, or the plaintext attribute. This value should be freed using free(3) when it is no longer needed.

    The rad_demangle_mppe_key ();
    function demangles the send- and recv-keys when using MPPE (see RFC 2548). The return value is NULL on failure, or the plaintext attribute. This value should be freed using free(3) when it is no longer needed.  

    Obtaining Error Messages

    Those functions which accept a Vt struct rad_handle * argument record an error message if they fail. The error message can be retrieved by calling rad_strerror (.);
    The message text is overwritten on each new error for the given Vt struct rad_handle * . Thus the message must be copied if it is to be preserved through subsequent library calls using the same handle.  

    Cleanup

    To free the resources used by the RADIUS library, call rad_close (.);
     

    RETURN VALUES

    The following functions return a non-negative value on success. If they detect an error, they return -1 and record an error message which can be retrieved using rad_strerror (.);

    Fn rad_add_server
    Fn rad_config
    Fn rad_create_request
    Fn rad_get_attr
    Fn rad_put_addr
    Fn rad_put_attr
    Fn rad_put_int
    Fn rad_put_string
    Fn rad_put_message_authentic
    Fn rad_init_send_request
    Fn rad_continue_send_request
    Fn rad_send_request

    The following functions return a non- NULL pointer on success. If they are unable to allocate sufficient virtual memory, they return NULL without recording an error message.

    Fn rad_acct_open
    Fn rad_auth_open
    Fn rad_cvt_string

    The following functions return a non- NULL pointer on success. If they fail, they return NULL with recording an error message.

    Fn rad_demangle
    Fn rad_demangle_mppe_key

     

    FILES

    /etc/radius.conf

     

    SEE ALSO

    radius.conf5
    "C. Rigney, et al" "Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS)" "RFC 2865"
    "C. Rigney" "RADIUS Accounting" "RFC 2866"
    G. Zorn "Microsoft Vendor-specific RADIUS attributes" RFC 2548
    C. Rigney, et al "RADIUS extensions" RFC 2869
     

    AUTHORS

    An -nosplit This software was originally written by An John Polstra , and donated to the Fx project by Juniper Networks, Inc. An Oleg Semyonov subsequently added the ability to perform RADIUS accounting. Later additions and changes by An Michael Bretterklieber .


     

    Index

    NAME
    SYNOPSIS
    DESCRIPTION
    Initialization
    Creating a RADIUS Request
    Sending the Request and Receiving the Response
    Obtaining Error Messages
    Cleanup
    RETURN VALUES
    FILES
    SEE ALSO
    AUTHORS


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